Disavowing the rupture between modern and premodern world, Dr Ahmad contended that what was rumor to premodern society, television and new media are largely to contemporary nation-states. This argument was made by referring to the 2014 election in India, when the notion of Hindutva was actively tied to the idea of development and spread as an unverified claim through several media outlets. This rumor indeed not only resulted in the widespread belief that Hindutva and social progress were inseparably linked but ultimately led to the major electoral success of right wing parties. Dr. Ahmad further concluded that propaganda and rumor are analytically indistinguishable and challenged the predominant view of rumor as inherently oral, pre-capitalist and anonymous. Rather, he argued, rumor is an instrumental part of our contemporary “designer democracies” where voters are viewed as consumers and parties as salesmen. Rumor, thus, can be an effective weapon in the hands of the power elites.